![]() ![]() The e-liquid typically contains humectants and flavourings, with or without nicotine once vapourised by the atomiser, the aerosol (vapour) provides a sensation similar to tobacco smoking, but purportedly without harmful effects. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. ![]() Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. ![]() Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. In e-cigarettes, tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. The electronic cigarette ( e-cigarette), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. ![]()
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